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Cartilage


 Cartilage is a connective tissue consisting of the dense matrix.


Matrix is composed of chondrin .  Matrix is used by cells called chondroblast which become embedded into matrix as  chondrocytes.


Chondrocytes occur singly or in groups ( 1-8) within spaces called lacunae .


Surface of the cartilage is covered by perichondrian 


Perichondrian is a membrane of dense irregular connective tissue which contain blood vessels and nerves. The membrane doesn't have nerves or blood supply.


There are three structural types of cartilage,


                           1. Hyaline cartilage 

                          2. White fibrous cartilage / Fibro cartilage

                          3. Elastic cartilage 


                   1. Hyaline cartilage



                                                  The most common type of cartilage. It has  a glassy appearance


Location,


             * Form most of the embryotic skeletal

             * Cover the ends of long bones

             * In ribs

             * Cartilage of the nose

             * Trachea

             * Larynges


Functions,



            * Has crushing properties


            * Help to join the bones


            *  Resist compression stress



                     2. Fibro cartilage


   
                                                Thick collagen fibers are predominant in the matrix


Location,


             * Inter-vertebral disc


            * Disc of knee join



Function,



            * Tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock



                  3. Elastic cartilage



                                             Similar to hyaline cartilage but more elastic fibers in matrix.


Location,


           *  External ear 


Function,


           * Maintain the shape of structure while allowing great flexibility

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